Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis on self-collected vaginal tampon specimens
2002 • P D J Sturm, P Moodley, G Nzimande
pstrongResults of the tampon and vaginal smears showed excellent agreement for both observers/strong (Spearman >0.80). The overall sensitivity and specificity were 91.7% (95% CI: 81.6-96.5) and 79.3% (95% CI: 67.2-87.8), respectively, using the Amsel criteria as reference standard. The tampon provides a specimen for the combined diagnosis of non-ulcerative STIs and BV./p
A Self-Administered Technique for the Detection of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Remote Communities
1997 • Sepehr N. Tabrizi, Barbara Paterson, Christopher K. Fairley, Francis J. Bowden, Suzanne M. Garland
pstrongThe detection of each organism was significantly greater by PCR in tampon-collected samples/strong than by routine conventional methods (P < .01)./p
Pilot study of the utility and acceptability of tampon sampling for the diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infections by duplex realtime polymerase chain reaction in United Kingdom sex workers
2010 • P T Kimmitt, S N Tabrizi, M Crosatti, S M Garland Frcpa, P C Schober, K Rajakumar, C A Chapman
pBesides near-universal acceptability of tampon sampling, the tampon sampling–PCR approach described in this study appeared to have strongenhanced sensitivity compared with conventional testing/strong./p
Vaginal microbiome and sexually transmitted infections: an epidemiologic perspective
2011 • Rebecca M. Brotman
pVaginal bacterial communities are thought to help prevent sexually transmitted infections. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common clinical syndrome in which the protective lactic acid-producing bacteria (mainly species of the Lactobacillus genus) are supplanted by a diverse array of anaerobic bacteria. Epidemiologically, BV has been shown to be an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes including pre-term birth, development of pelvic inflammatory disease, and acquisition of sexually transmitted infections. strongLongitudinal studies of the vaginal microbiome using molecular techniques such as 16S ribosomal DNA analysis may lead to interventions that shift the vaginal microbiota toward more protective states./strong/p
The Vaginal Microenvironment: The Physiologic Role of Lactobacilli
2018 • Emmanuel Amabebe, Dilly O. C. Anumba
pLactobacilli and their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory products along with components of the epithelial mucosal barrier strongprovide an effective first-line defence against invading pathogens/strong including bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis-associated bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. An optimal host-microbial interaction is required for the maintenance of eubiosis and vaginal health./p
The role of Escherichia coli in reproductive health
2017 • P Cools
pstrongVaginal dysbiosis has been associated with increased susceptibility to and transmission/strong of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections and increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, pre-term birth and maternal and neonatal infections./p
Pregnancy's Stronghold on the Vaginal Microbiome
2014 • Marina R. S. Walther-António, Patricio Jeraldo, Margret E. Berg Miller, Carl J. Yeoman, Karen E. Nelson, Brenda A. Wilson, Bryan A. White, Nicholas Chia, Douglas J. Creedon
pOur analyses indicate normal pregnancy is characterised by a microbiome that has low diversity and high stability. While Lactobacillus species strongly dominate the vaginal environment during pregnancy across the two studied ethnicities, observed differences between the longitudinal dynamics of the analysed populations may contribute to divergent risk for pregnancy complications.strong This helps establish a baseline for investigating the role of the microbiome in complications of pregnancy such as pre-term labour and pre-term delivery./strong/p
The vaginal microbiome as a tool to predict IVF success
2020 • Sam Schoenmakers, Joop Laven
pThe vaginal composition prior to the start of hormonal treatment for ART seems to be strongpredictive of in vitro fertilization/strong/in vitro fertilization-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/IVF-ICSI) outcome, with mainly a highly negative predictive value./p
Early pregnancy vaginal microbiome trends and pre-term birth
2017 • Molly J. Stout, Yanjiao Zhou, Kristine M. Wylie, Phillip I. Tarr, George A. Macones, Methodius G. Tuuli
pIn a predominantly African-American population, stronga significant decrease of vaginal microbial community richness and diversity is associated with pre-term birth/strong. The timing of this suppression appears early in pregnancy, between the first and second trimesters, suggesting that early gestation may be an ecologically important time for events that ordain subsequent term and pre-term birth outcomes./p
The role of the vaginal microbiome in gynaecological cancer
2017 • M Champer, A M Wong, J Champer, I L Brito, P W Messer, J Y Hou, J D Wright
pstrongHuman microbiome research has shown commensal bacteria to be a major factor in both wellness and disease pathogenesis/strong. Interest in the microbiome has recently expanded beyond the gut to include a multitude of other organ systems for which the microbiome may have health implications. Here, we review the role of the vaginal microbiome in health and disease, with a particular focus on gynecologic malignancies. Further, we suggest that it may be possible to expand the use of probiotics in the treatment of gynaecological cancers./p
Association between polycystic ovary syndrome and the vaginal microbiome: A case-control study
2020 • Xiang Hong, Pengfei Qin, Kaiping Huang, Xiaoling Ding, Jun Ma, Yan Xuan, Xiaoyue Zhu, Danhong Peng, Bei Wang
pstrongThere was significant difference in vaginal bacterial structures between PCOS and healthy control women/strong. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus crispatus in the PCOS group was significantly lower than controls (P = .001), and the relative abundance of Mycoplasma and Prevotella was higher than controls (P < .001, P = .002, respectively). The Mycoplasma genus could be a potential biomarker for PCOS screening, as ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for the relative abundance of Mycoplasma was 0.958 (95% CI: 0.901-0.999)./p